I have a Canon EOS R50, a mirrorless camera, which also seems shutterless - If I take pictures of, for example, an airplane with a spinning propeller, will I still get that “strange rubber propeller” effect? 1) the camera may have a shutter and I just don’t recognize it or 2) the sensor is read in such a way as to produce the effect.
Yes. If you take a picture and hear the standard click sound that is the mechanical shutter covering the sensor. If you want to shoot silently, that’s when you’d use the electronic shutter. For your camera you can find that setting under the Camera Icon tab in the menu (should be first tab), then the sixth page that starts with focus bracketing. The setting is called shutter mode and will be either Elec. 1st-curtain, or Electronic