365 days of relentless Israeli bombardment have led to one of the deadliest conflicts of the 21st century. The offensive began on 7 October 2023, following an unprecedented attack by Hamas. Members of Al-Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of the group, and other Palestinian resistance fighters infiltrated Israeli territory by air, land, and sea. On that day, 1,139 Israelis, including soldiers and police officers, were killed. Additionally, 251 people—Israeli and foreign nationals—were taken captive. In response, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared war on Hamas, vowing to ‘eliminate’ the group, unleashing a war of vengeance that broke records in both scale and brutality. Al Jazeera reflects on the pivotal events of 7 October 2023.